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隨著大量非線性電力負荷諧波源在(zai)電力系統中的(de)使用(yong)(yong)，不(bu)僅惡化了(le)配電網供(gong)電電能(neng)質量，同時(shi)還降低了(le)配電網供(gong)電可靠性。文章在(zai)分析了(le)ABSVG無功發(fa)生器的(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)原理(li)和功能(neng)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)后(hou)，結合工(gong)(gong)程實例，對ABSVG在(zai)電力系統中應用(yong)(yong)的(de)技術要點進行了(le)詳細分析研究。

　　大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)設(she)備在(zai)運行(xing)過程中，除了要(yao)消耗大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)有功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)外，還需要(yao)吸收(shou)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)沖擊(ji)性(xing)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)，這(zhe)樣就會引起(qi)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)發(fa)生(sheng)低功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)因(yin)數(shu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓波動(dong)(dong)與閃變、諧波、以及三相(xiang)不(bu)平衡等(deng)問題，不(bu)僅使配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能質量(liang)(liang)逐步惡化，同時(shi)諧波還會引起(qi)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)保護控制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)發(fa)生(sheng)“拒動(dong)(dong)”、“誤動(dong)(dong)”等(deng)不(bu)利情況發(fa)生(sheng)，降低配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠性(xing)。在(zai)存(cun)在(zai)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)諧波分量(liang)(liang)的(de)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)中，進(jin)(jin)行(xing)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)和(he)諧波治理(li)(li)是非(fei)常(chang)必要(yao)中。因(yin)此,將基于柔(rou)性(xing)交流輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)技術的(de)Abifsey系(xi)(xi)(xi)列靜止無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)裝置(zhi)(ABSVG)應(ying)用到配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中，進(jin)(jin)行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)和(he)諧波治理(li)(li)，對提高(gao)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能質量(liang)(liang)和(he)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠性(xing)，就顯(xian)得非(fei)常(chang)有無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)與諧波治理(li)(li)實踐(jian)應(ying)用研究意義。

　　1、ABSVG無功發生器的工作原(yuan)理

　　交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)在(zai)通(tong)過實際(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力負(fu)荷(he)消耗過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力負(fu)荷(he)不(bu)可能(neng)(neng)是純(chun)容(rong)性(xing)或純(chun)感性(xing)原因(yin)(yin)，這(zhe)樣就會導致負(fu)荷(he)運行過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有相當(dang)一部(bu)分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)在(zai)不(bu)做(zuo)功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下被消耗掉，進(jin)而使(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網系統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率容(rong)量(liang)不(bu)斷降低(di)，供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)功(gong)率因(yin)(yin)素值降低(di)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)，需要對(dui)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網系統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)功(gong)率因(yin)(yin)素進(jin)行補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)，這(zhe)便是靜(jing)止無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)發(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)(qi)（Static Var Compensator,SVG）需要完成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)任務。SVG無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)發(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)(qi)是配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)滿足(zu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)快速準確可靠補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)、減(jian)少(shao)諧(xie)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)及諧(xie)波治理(li)裝置(zhi)。SVG無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)發(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基本工作原理(li)是將自(zi)換相橋(qiao)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)經電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗或直接并聯到配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網系統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，通(tong)過內(nei)部(bu)智能(neng)(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)單元運行分析(xi)獲得無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)策略，自(zi)動自(zi)適應的(de)(de)(de)(de)調節橋(qiao)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)交流(liu)側(ce)(ce)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)相位和(he)幅值（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓型(xing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)裝置(zhi)），或直接控(kong)制(zhi)SVG裝置(zhi)交流(liu)側(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)型(xing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)裝置(zhi)），就可以使(shi)(shi)該變(bian)(bian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)吸收或者發(fa)出滿足(zu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網動態調節要求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)容(rong)量(liang)，實現對(dui)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動態補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)和(he)諧(xie)波治理(li)作用。SVG無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)發(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)如圖1所示(shi)：

　　2、ABSVG在電力系統中的應用

　　2.1 工程概況

　　某(mou)11OkV電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)中A變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)主要為(wei)該(gai)(gai)區域(yu)(yu)冶(ye)煉企業(ye)提供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，工業(ye)負荷(he)(he)約占65%。因為(wei)工業(ye)負荷(he)(he)較(jiao)大(da)，其(qi)晝夜(ye)負荷(he)(he)波動較(jiao)大(da)，據歷史(shi)運(yun)行(xing)數據可(ke)知，該(gai)(gai)區域(yu)(yu)最(zui)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力負荷(he)(he)約12.8萬kw（為(wei)夜(ye)間低(di)(di)谷時(shi)間，由于(yu)工業(ye)企業(ye)普遍采取低(di)(di)谷時(shi)段低(di)(di)費率(lv)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模式(shi)），而在白晝時(shi)段其(qi)最(zui)小(xiao)負荷(he)(he)僅為(wei)6.9萬kw，峰谷差5.9萬kW。另外，由于(yu)該(gai)(gai)區域(yu)(yu)工業(ye)負荷(he)(he)中非線(xian)性負荷(he)(he)容(rong)量較(jiao)大(da)，諧(xie)波注入到(dao)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中導致嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)污染，曾多(duo)次(ci)發生10kV線(xian)路I母和II母側發生補(bu)償電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)燒毀、以(yi)及配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護“誤(wu)動”、“誤(wu)動”等事故(gu)，嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)影響到(dao)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質量水(shui)平和供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)靠性。110kV變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)10kV側線(xian)路在夜(ye)間集中用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)段，其(qi)母線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓畸變(bian)率(lv)高(gao)達(da)6.7%，超(chao)出(chu)標稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓10kV配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的國家(jia)規定(ding)的4%限值(zhi)標準，且(qie)諧(xie)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)分量也達(da)到(dao)基波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的7.5%，10kV配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網線(xian)損相當(dang)高(gao)。在110kV主變(bian)壓器(qi)處于(yu)50%負載率(lv)工況下，10kV側配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中5次(ci)、7次(ci)、11次(ci)諧(xie)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)超(chao)標，其(qi)中7次(ci)諧(xie)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)超(chao)標約2倍，所需補(bu)償總諧(xie)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)27.05A。

　　2.2 ABSVG補償容量計算

　　考慮預留20%的富裕量，即需補償(chang)32A總(zong)諧波電流，因此(ci)I母(mu)和II母(mu)兩段10kV母(mu)線側(ce)進行(xing)諧波治(zhi)理(li)需要補償(chang)的無(wu)功容量為(wei)：

　　ABSVG無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)發(fa)生(sheng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)實(shi)際運(yun)(yun)行(xing)過(guo)程中，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)僅提(ti)(ti)供恒無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)兩種運(yun)(yun)行(xing)方式(shi)(shi)。如果采(cai)取(qu)恒無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)方式(shi)(shi)，則10kV配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網調度運(yun)(yun)行(xing)時(shi)所需設定(ding)(ding)的(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)值(zhi)不(bu)應超(chao)出SVG裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)夠(gou)提(ti)(ti)供的(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)值(zhi)，即(ji)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)負(fu)(fu)的(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)額(e)定(ding)(ding)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)至(zhi)正的(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)額(e)定(ding)(ding)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)間進行(xing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)動(dong)態補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang);在(zai)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)動(dong)態補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)方式(shi)(shi)下，用戶可(ke)以根據需求側(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力負(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)實(shi)際情況選擇ABSVG自動(dong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)及保護項(xiang)，以充分(fen)利用ABSVG裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)自動(dong)調節控制策略有(you)效改善10kV配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。另外，在(zai)計算ABSVG裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)時(shi)，不(bu)僅要考慮10kV配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網基波無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，同(tong)時(shi)還要考慮在(zai)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)范(fan)圍(wei)內補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網中存在(zai)的(de)諧波分(fen)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，對配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網諧波進行(xing)有(you)效治理(li)，有(you)效提(ti)(ti)高(gao)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)水平。根據統計計算，知I母和(he)(he)II母需要補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)的(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)分(fen)別為(wei)3.6MVA和(he)(he)3.9MVA。因此，I母和(he)(he)II母分(fen)別選用的(de)ABSVG無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)發(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)計算所需容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)：3.6+0.57/2=3.85MVA，取(qu)ABSVG無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)發(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)±4 Mvar，同(tong)理(li)II母SVG無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)發(fa)生(sheng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)也取(qu)為(wei)±4Mvar。

　　2.3 應用效果分析

　　在該(gai)110kV變電(dian)(dian)(dian)站10kV側I母和II母上(shang)分(fen)別配置±4Mvar的(de)SVG無功發生器裝置，經調(diao)試投運(yun)后，10kV側I母和II母的(de)母線電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓畸(ji)變率、諧(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流均(jun)處于合格范(fan)圍內，其中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓畸(ji)變率由補(bu)償前的(de)6.7%有效(xiao)降(jiang)到2.8%，能夠(gou)滿足10kV公用電(dian)(dian)(dian)網諧(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓限值4%的(de)要求，補(bu)償效(xiao)果十分(fen)明(ming)顯(xian)。

　　3、結束語

　　ABSVG無(wu)(wu)功發(fa)生器能(neng)(neng)從配(pei)(pei)電網(wang)中(zhong)(zhong)吸(xi)收或輸送連續可調的(de)無(wu)(wu)功功率(lv)，從而有效(xiao)提(ti)高(gao)配(pei)(pei)電網(wang)的(de)無(wu)(wu)功容(rong)量的(de)平衡能(neng)(neng)力(li)，穩定(ding)了(le)供(gong)電電壓(ya)水(shui)平，降(jiang)低了(le)配(pei)(pei)電網(wang)線損，提(ti)高(gao)了(le)電力(li)系統(tong)(tong)供(gong)電電能(neng)(neng)質量水(shui)平和供(gong)電可靠性。隨著以(yi)電力(li)電子元器件為核(he)心的(de)大功率(lv)電氣設備在配(pei)(pei)電網(wang)系統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)使用，ABSVG無(wu)(wu)功發(fa)生器良好的(de)無(wu)(wu)功動態補償(chang)和諧波治理(li)功能(neng)(neng)，必(bi)將在電力(li)系統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)得到(dao)廣(guang)泛的(de)推廣(guang)應用。