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隨著大量(liang)(liang)非線性電(dian)(dian)(dian)力負荷諧波源在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統中的(de)(de)使(shi)用，不(bu)僅惡化了(le)(le)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質量(liang)(liang)，同時還降低(di)了(le)(le)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠性。文章(zhang)在分(fen)析了(le)(le)ABSVG無功發生器(qi)的(de)(de)工作原(yuan)理和功能(neng)作用后(hou)，結合工程(cheng)實例(li)，對(dui)ABSVG在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統中應用的(de)(de)技術要點進行了(le)(le)詳細分(fen)析研究。

　　大(da)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)設(she)備在運行(xing)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，除(chu)了要消耗大(da)量(liang)有功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)外，還(huan)需要吸收(shou)大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)沖(chong)擊(ji)性無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)，這樣(yang)就會引起配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)發生低功(gong)率(lv)(lv)因數、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波(bo)動(dong)與閃變、諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)、以及三(san)相不平衡等(deng)問題，不僅(jin)使(shi)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)質(zhi)量(liang)逐步惡化，同時諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)還(huan)會引起配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)保護控制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)發生“拒動(dong)”、“誤動(dong)”等(deng)不利情況發生，降低配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠(kao)性。在存在大(da)量(liang)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)分量(liang)的(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)，進行(xing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)補償(chang)(chang)和(he)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)是非(fei)常必(bi)要中(zhong)。因此,將基于(yu)柔性交流輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術的(de)(de)Abifsey系(xi)(xi)列靜止無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)補償(chang)(chang)裝置(ABSVG)應用(yong)到(dao)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)中(zhong)，進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)補償(chang)(chang)和(he)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)，對提高配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)質(zhi)量(liang)和(he)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠(kao)性，就顯得非(fei)常有無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)補償(chang)(chang)與諧(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)實踐應用(yong)研究意義。

　　1、ABSVG無功(gong)發(fa)生(sheng)器的工作原理(li)

　　交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能在通(tong)過實際電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力負(fu)荷消耗(hao)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力負(fu)荷不(bu)可(ke)(ke)能是(shi)純(chun)容(rong)性或(huo)純(chun)感性原因(yin)，這(zhe)樣就(jiu)會導致(zhi)負(fu)荷運行(xing)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，有相當一(yi)部(bu)分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能在不(bu)做功(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)情況下被消耗(hao)掉(diao)，進而使(shi)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網系統中(zhong)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率容(rong)量不(bu)斷降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能功(gong)(gong)(gong)率因(yin)素(su)值降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)。因(yin)此，需要對配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網系統中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能功(gong)(gong)(gong)率因(yin)素(su)進行(xing)補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)，這(zhe)便是(shi)靜(jing)止無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)(qi)（Static Var Compensator,SVG）需要完(wan)成的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)任(ren)務。SVG無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)滿足(zu)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)快速準確可(ke)(ke)靠補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)、減少諧波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)及諧波(bo)治(zhi)理裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置。SVG無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)基本工作(zuo)原理是(shi)將自換相橋式變流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)經電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗或(huo)直接并(bing)聯(lian)到配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網系統中(zhong)，通(tong)過內部(bu)智能控(kong)制(zhi)單元(yuan)運行(xing)分析(xi)獲得無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)策略，自動自適應的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)節(jie)橋式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)側輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)相位和幅值（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓型無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置），或(huo)直接控(kong)制(zhi)SVG裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)側電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)型無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置），就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以使(shi)該變流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)吸收或(huo)者發(fa)(fa)出滿足(zu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網動態調(diao)節(jie)要求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)容(rong)量，實現對配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)動態補(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)和諧波(bo)治(zhi)理作(zuo)用。SVG無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)如圖1所示：

　　2、ABSVG在電力系統中的應用

　　2.1 工程概況

　　某11OkV電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)A變電(dian)(dian)(dian)站主要為(wei)該區域冶煉企(qi)業(ye)提供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能，工業(ye)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)約(yue)(yue)占(zhan)65%。因為(wei)工業(ye)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)較(jiao)大，其(qi)晝夜負(fu)(fu)荷(he)波(bo)動較(jiao)大，據歷(li)史運行(xing)數據可知，該區域最(zui)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)力負(fu)(fu)荷(he)約(yue)(yue)12.8萬(wan)(wan)kw（為(wei)夜間低(di)(di)谷(gu)時間，由于工業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)普(pu)遍(bian)采取低(di)(di)谷(gu)時段(duan)(duan)低(di)(di)費率用電(dian)(dian)(dian)模式），而在(zai)白(bai)晝時段(duan)(duan)其(qi)最(zui)小負(fu)(fu)荷(he)僅為(wei)6.9萬(wan)(wan)kw，峰谷(gu)差5.9萬(wan)(wan)kW。另外，由于該區域工業(ye)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)非線性負(fu)(fu)荷(he)容(rong)量較(jiao)大，諧(xie)波(bo)注(zhu)入到配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)導(dao)致嚴重(zhong)污染，曾(ceng)多次發(fa)生10kV線路I母(mu)和II母(mu)側(ce)發(fa)生補(bu)償電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器燒毀、以及(ji)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護“誤動”、“誤動”等(deng)事故，嚴重(zhong)影響到供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量水平和供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠性。110kV變電(dian)(dian)(dian)站10kV側(ce)線路在(zai)夜間集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)時段(duan)(duan)，其(qi)母(mu)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)畸(ji)變率高達(da)6.7%，超(chao)出(chu)標(biao)稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)10kV配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)國家規定的(de)4%限值標(biao)準，且(qie)諧(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流分量也達(da)到基波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)7.5%，10kV配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)線損相當高。在(zai)110kV主變壓(ya)器處于50%負(fu)(fu)載率工況下(xia)，10kV側(ce)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)5次、7次、11次諧(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流嚴重(zhong)超(chao)標(biao)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)7次諧(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流超(chao)標(biao)約(yue)(yue)2倍，所(suo)需補(bu)償總諧(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流為(wei)27.05A。

　　2.2 ABSVG補(bu)償容(rong)量計(ji)算

　　考慮預留20%的富裕量，即需補償32A總諧(xie)波電流(liu)，因此I母和II母兩(liang)段10kV母線側進行(xing)諧(xie)波治理需要補償的無功(gong)容量為：

　　ABSVG無(wu)功發生裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)在實(shi)際運(yun)行(xing)(xing)過程中，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)僅提供(gong)恒無(wu)功和(he)負(fu)荷(he)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)兩種運(yun)行(xing)(xing)方式(shi)。如果采取恒無(wu)功運(yun)行(xing)(xing)方式(shi)，則10kV配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網調(diao)度運(yun)行(xing)(xing)時所需(xu)設定(ding)的(de)無(wu)功值不應超出SVG裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)夠(gou)提供(gong)的(de)額定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)值，即無(wu)功容(rong)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)負(fu)的(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)額定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)至正(zheng)的(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)額定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)間進(jin)行(xing)(xing)無(wu)功動態補(bu)(bu)償(chang);在負(fu)荷(he)動態補(bu)(bu)償(chang)方式(shi)下(xia)，用戶可以根據(ju)需(xu)求(qiu)側電(dian)(dian)(dian)力負(fu)荷(he)實(shi)際情況選(xuan)擇ABSVG自動無(wu)功補(bu)(bu)償(chang)配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)及保護(hu)項(xiang)，以充(chong)分利用ABSVG裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)自動調(diao)節(jie)控制策(ce)略有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)改善10kV配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。另外，在計(ji)算(suan)ABSVG裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)功補(bu)(bu)償(chang)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)時，不僅要(yao)考慮10kV配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網基(ji)波無(wu)功補(bu)(bu)償(chang)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)，同時還要(yao)考慮在容(rong)量(liang)(liang)范(fan)圍內補(bu)(bu)償(chang)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網中存在的(de)諧(xie)波分量(liang)(liang)，對配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網諧(xie)波進(jin)行(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)治理(li)，有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)提高供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)水平。根據(ju)統(tong)計(ji)計(ji)算(suan)，知I母(mu)和(he)II母(mu)需(xu)要(yao)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)的(de)無(wu)功容(rong)量(liang)(liang)分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)3.6MVA和(he)3.9MVA。因此(ci)，I母(mu)和(he)II母(mu)分別選(xuan)用的(de)ABSVG無(wu)功發生器裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)計(ji)算(suan)所需(xu)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)：3.6+0.57/2=3.85MVA，取ABSVG無(wu)功發生器補(bu)(bu)償(chang)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)±4 Mvar，同理(li)II母(mu)SVG無(wu)功發生裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)也取為(wei)(wei)(wei)±4Mvar。

　　2.3 應用效(xiao)果分析

　　在該110kV變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站10kV側I母(mu)和II母(mu)上分(fen)別配置±4Mvar的(de)SVG無功發(fa)生器裝置，經調試投運后(hou)，10kV側I母(mu)和II母(mu)的(de)母(mu)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)畸(ji)變(bian)率(lv)、諧(xie)波電(dian)(dian)流均處于合(he)格(ge)范圍(wei)內，其中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)畸(ji)變(bian)率(lv)由補償(chang)前的(de)6.7%有(you)效(xiao)降到(dao)2.8%，能夠滿足(zu)10kV公用電(dian)(dian)網諧(xie)波電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)限值4%的(de)要(yao)求，補償(chang)效(xiao)果十分(fen)明顯(xian)。

　　3、結束語

　　ABSVG無(wu)功(gong)(gong)發(fa)生(sheng)器能從(cong)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中吸收或輸送連續(xu)可調(diao)的無(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率，從(cong)而有效提(ti)高配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的無(wu)功(gong)(gong)容量的平(ping)衡能力，穩定了供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓水平(ping)，降低了配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)線(xian)損(sun)，提(ti)高了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質量水平(ping)和供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠性。隨著以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)器件為核心(xin)的大功(gong)(gong)率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備在(zai)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)系統中的使用，ABSVG無(wu)功(gong)(gong)發(fa)生(sheng)器良好的無(wu)功(gong)(gong)動態(tai)補償和諧波治理功(gong)(gong)能，必將在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統中的得到(dao)廣泛的推廣應用。